Yes, Pulse Echo Testing (PIT) can be used to verify anomalies detected by Crosshole Sonic Logging (CSL) testing. While CSL provides a detailed assessment of the integrity of drilled shafts and other deep foundations by evaluating the sound wave travel times between pairs of access tubes, PIT offers a complementary method by sending a stress wave down the length of the shaft and analyzing the reflected signals. This can help confirm the presence, location, and extent of anomalies such as voids, inclusions, or cracks identified during CSL testing, providing a more comprehensive evaluation of the foundation’s condition. It is important to note, however, that anomalies at the pile toe are difficult to detect using PIT as they can be masked by the toe reflection.

Yes, bidirectional testing can be performed on bell piles. Bidirectional static load tests (BDSLT) involve installing a load cell within the pile, which applies an upward and downward force simultaneously. This type of testing can accommodate the unique geometry of bell piles, allowing for accurate measurement of their load-bearing capacity and performance under different loading conditions. It is important to note, however, that the pile must have sufficient shaft resistance to counter the end bearing by providing reaction to the bidirectional cell. If this condition is not met, a reaction frame would be needed at the pile head to supplement the shaft resistance.

Yes, PDA testing can help determine the uplift capacity of piles. By analyzing the pile’s response to dynamic loading, PDA testing can estimate the full resistance distribution along the pile which allows the estimation of uplift resistance.